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How Much Water Evaporates From a Pool?

Julie Woods Leave a comment

swimming pool at sunset

Between 1/4 inch to 1 inch of water evaporates from a pool every day. The amount of water that evaporates is affected by air temperature, exposure to sunlight, wind speed, humidity, and the size of the pool. This article covers everything you need to know about how much water evaporates from a pool.

• Does Pool Water Evaporate?

• How Does It Evaporate?

• Pool Water Evaporation Rate

• How Much Evaporation Is Normal?

• How to Stop Water Evaporating

• Is it Evaporation or a Leak?

DOES POOL WATER EVAPORATE?

people playing in a pool

Yes, pool water evaporates. Pool water evaporates due to its exposure to heat and wind. Water evaporates more quickly from pools in hot and dry weather conditions. Pools located in hot dry climates with plenty of sunshine will experience the most evaporation. However, wind plays a significant role too, see below.

HOW DOES POOL WATER EVAPORATE?

As water molecules in pool water absorb heat from the sun they become energized and begin to vibrate. These energetic water molecules change from liquid form to gas. The gas molecules rise into the air above the pool as water vapor.

lifeguard standing next to a pool

Wind plays an important role in pool water evaporation. Wind increases the speed of evaporation by sweeping away the water vapor as it gathers over the pool.

In the absence of wind, the water vapor will hover above the pool like a blanket and will slow down the evaporation process. Wind removes this water vapor film and allows a new blanket to take its place.

Other factors that play a role in pool water evaporation are humidity, sunlight, and pool size & shape. Let’s take a look at how each of these impact pool water evaporation.

TEMPERATURE

Temperature plays one of the most significant roles in the evaporation of water from a pool. As temperature increases, so too does the rate of evaporation. As water molecules in the pool absorb heat they become excited and begin to escape as water vapor.

Pools in dry hot climates that are exposed to direct sunlight experience the most water evaporation. The higher the temperature, the more heat, and the more water evaporates as water vapor. Note, pool water also evaporates in cooler climates but at a much lower rate.

WIND

Wind has a significant impact on how much water evaporates from a pool. Wind removes the humid air above the pool that contains water vapor and replaces it with dry air. This dry air then absorbs fresh water vapor from the pool surface. And this cycle repeats itself as wind sweeps away this humid air.

Pools situated in areas with little shelter experience the highest levels of wind evaporation. Windbreakers or walled enclosures are great ways of protecting a pool from the evaporative effects of wind.

HUMIDITY

Humidity plays a big role in how much water a pool loses to evaporation. The higher the level of humidity in the air, the lower the amount of evaporation that occurs. This is because humid air already contains a high level of moisture and has a reduced ability to absorb water vapor. On the other hand, dry air with low humidity is very effective at absorbing water vapor.

SUNLIGHT

Exposure to direct sunlight is a contributing factor to pool water evaporation. Pools that are directly exposed to sunlight heat up more quickly than pools situated in shaded areas.

SIZE & SHAPE OF POOL

The size and shape of a pool also play a role in how it loses water to evaporation. Specifically, pools with a larger surface area experience the greatest level of evaporation. Larger surface areas mean more water is exposed to direct sunlight and the movement of dry air. This speeds up the rate of evaporation. On the other hand, deep pools with relatively low surface areas experience less evaporation.

POOL WATER EVAPORATION RATE

What is pool water evaporation rate? Pool water evaporation rate is the rate at which pool water transforms to water vapor and leaves the pool in gaseous form. It results in a loss of water volume and can be noticed as the water level slowly falls. Pool water evaporation rate is calculated by measuring the change in water level over a time period.

still swimming pool behind a house

HOW TO CALCULATE

Calculating pool evaporation rate is easy. All you have to do is measure the drop in water level over 24 hours and calculate the evaporation rate in inches per day. You can do this by marking the top of the water level with a piece of tape. Then, repeat the process 24 hours later.

The difference between the two marks indicates the drop in water level over those 24 hours. Repeat the process over a larger time period and calculate an average for a more accurate value. This gives you a pool evaporation rate average in inches per day.

FORMULA

• (Water Mark Day 1) – (Water Mark Day 2) = Evaporation Rate (inches)

HOW MUCH EVAPORATION IS NORMAL FOR A POOL?

How much water does a pool lose to evaporation? How much water evaporates from a pool each day?  A pool normally loses between 1/4 inch to 1 inch of water to evaporation each day. Pools located in hot, dry climates with a breeze and lots of sunlight will experience more evaporation than pools in cool, humid climates.

a pool of water

An average-sized rectangular pool measuring 16′ x 32′ feet with an average depth of 4 feet will lose 1 inch of water per day in a hot, dry, and sunny climate. A similar pool located in a milder climate with a greater level of humidity can expect to lose 1/4 inch of water per day. This is the normal evaporation for an average-sized pool based on climate conditions.

HOW TO STOP WATER EVAPORATING FROM A POOL

There are several methods you can use to reduce the rate of evaporation from a pool. Although it may not be possible to completely stop the evaporation process there are some simple steps you can take to greatly reduce it. Evaporation is a natural process and your aim should be to minimize it, not completely stop it.

woman sitting at edge of a pool

Use a Pool Cover

A pool cover is the best way to reduce water evaporation from a pool. When not in use, place a cover across the pool. A cover not only reduces evaporation but also keeps debris from falling into the pool. There is a range of cover types on the market. You can choose from solid, mesh, and automatic covers that operate using a timer.

Use a Windbreak

A windbreak is another great device for reducing pool water evaporation. A windbreak can include a row of trees, a hedge, a screen, or a wall. These create a physical barrier to prevailing wind and protect the pool surface from wind evaporation.

Lower Pool Temperature

You can reduce the rate of evaporation by lowering the temperature of the pool. If you have a heated pool, simply reduce the pool temperature by a couple of degrees. The cooler water will be more resistant to evaporation. If you have no temperature control, you can place a shade above the pool for a similar effect.

Reduce Pool Usage

Another effective method of reducing evaporation is to reduce pool usage. The more a pool is used, the greater the level of evaporation. Motion in the water facilitates the evaporation process by encouraging the escape of water vapor from the water’s surface.

Add a Pool Cover Liquid

A pool liquid cover is a chemical you can add to the pool that creates a liquid barrier on the surface of the pool. This cover reduces evaporation and performs in a similar way to a regular physical pool cover. Liquid covers are made from non-toxic substances and are safe to swim in.

RELATED

• Drinking Warm Water Before Bedtime

• Tips For Chatting at Water Cooler

• How Much Water Does a Camel Drink?

IS YOUR POOL LOSING WATER BY EVAPORATION OR A LEAK?

Have you considered a pool leak? It can be difficult to tell if a pool is losing water due to evaporation or a pool leak. If the pool is losing more than 1” inch per day you should investigate for the presence of a leak.

water droplets on a pool of water

How to Detect a Leak in a Pool

There are several methods you can use to detect a pool leak. The most popular are the dye test and bucket test. Below we cover all the methods available for detecting a pool leak.

Dye Test

This is one of the simplest and most effective methods of detecting a pool leak. Simply, turn off the pool pump and filtration system and add some food coloring to the pool. Then, stand back and observe the movement of the colored water. Is it moving towards a specific point? If it is, this is a clear sign of the presence of a leak.

Bucket Test

Grab a bucket and fill it with water. Place it next to the pool surface and mark the water level on side of the bucket. Also, mark the pool water level by pacing some tape on the side of the pool in line with the top of the watermark. Wait 24 hours. Then measure the drop in water level for the bucket and the pool. If the pool water has dropped more than the bucket level, there may be a leak.

Pool Equipment Inspection

Take a look at all the pool equipment. Inspect the water pump, pool filter, heater, and all pipework for signs of a leak or drip. If you find any, you’ve located the leak.

Listen For Sounds

If you have a big leak you should be able to hear some unusual sounds. Stand on the edge of the pool and listen out for unusual hissing or gurgling noises. These could be the noises of water leaving the pool unexpectedly.

Hire a Professional

If you’ve tried the above steps and cannot locate the source of the pool leak, it’s time to get a professional in. These people use specialized equipment to detect and locate pool leaks, including electronic high-precision listening devices to pinpoint water leaks.

 

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Warm Water Before Bedtime

Sam Kemper Leave a comment

woman in bed holding a glass of warm water

Drinking warm water before bedtime has been a popular practice for centuries thanks to its many health benefits. Drinking warm water before sleep promotes relaxation, improves digestion, and boosts detoxification. However, there are some potential drawbacks, such as disrupted sleep and digestive issues. This article covers all you need to know about the advantages and potential side effects of drinking warm water before going to bed.

Drinking Warm Water Before Bedtime

Drinking warm water before bedtime has been a long-standing tradition around the world, especially in Eastern cultures such as China and Japan. The understanding that warm water has many health benefits has been carefully passed down through the generations. In recent times, science is beginning to back up these longstanding beliefs.

man drinking a glass of warm water

Warm water before bedtime has a calming effect on the body that promotes relaxation and prepares the body and mind for a restful night’s sleep. It is also believed to stimulate blood flow and helps aid better digestion. And, warm water is often consumed for its potential to help the body cleanse itself and flush out toxins. However, it is important to weigh up the pros and the cons of drinking warm water at night and understand that the practice is not for everybody.

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Benefits of Drinking Warm Water Before Sleep

What are the benefits of drinking warm water before sleep? Below we take a look at the many advantages of drinking warm water before bedtime.

woman drinking warm water in bed

Enhances Relaxation

Drinking warm water is well known to aid relaxation. It helps calm the mind and reduce anxiety. A quick warm drink is a great way to prepare for bed and to help you unwind. Factoring some warm water into your bedtime routine is a great way to boost your chances of getting a restful sleep.

Aids Digestion

A glass of warm water aids digestion by helping break down food contained within the digestive tract. This process helps relieve constipation and relieve digestive problems. Your digestive system slows down at night and can do with a little helping hand in getting the job done.

Promotes Detoxification

Warm water plays a key role in assisting the body’s natural detoxification process. Detoxification is a vital process that promotes healthy organ function and prevents illness by removing toxins from the body.

When you consume hot water it raises body temperature and boosts blood circulation. It also stimulates sweat. Increased blood flow and sweat allow the body to flush unwanted chemicals and pollutants from the body.

Boosts Hydration

woman drinking a glass of freshly filtered water

Your body must replenish lost fluids by consuming liquids – especially water. Drinking warm water at night hydrates your body and tops up your water levels just before you call it a night. This helps maintain healthy hydration levels while you sleep and keeps you feeling comfortable and healthy.

Improves Mood

Drinking water is well associated with an improved mood. If you are thirsty and quench your thirst you feel much better. Not just physically, but mentally too. Hydration is key to mental health and a positive mood. Better hydration levels and mood lead to better sleep.

Relieves Headaches

Drinking warm water can help relieve a headache. If you find yourself suffering a headache why not reach for a drink of warm water. It may provide the relief you need and help you drift off when you climb into bed. Hot drinks are also known to relieve sinus pain and nasal congestion.

Weight Loss

Drinking warm water before bed may help promote weight loss. As we’ve discussed above, warm water helps stimulate your digestive system. This encourages the breakdown and passing of food. And, as your digestive system slows to a near standstill during the night – a helping hand can go a long way. By promoting digestion, warm water before bed may help reduce body weight.

What Are the Side Effects of Drinking Warm Water at Night?

What are the disadvantages of drinking hot water at night? Below we discuss the possible drawbacks and why warm water before sleep is not a good idea for everyone.

warm water in a glass

Interrupted Sleep

If you drink too much warm water you may have to make frequent trips to the bathroom during the night. This leads to interrupted sleep and can leave you feeling tired the next day. To avoid regular bathroom trips and low-quality sleep you should limit the amount of warm water you drink before bedtime.

Stomach Issues

People with sensitive stomachs should avoid drinking hot drinks before going to bed. For some, warm water can trigger cramps, bloating, and diarrhea. Others find it can trigger acid reflux – an unpleasant and painful condition where stomach acid travels upwards through the esophagus.

Loss of Electrolytes

Drinking too much water can lead to an electrolyte imbalance. This happens when someone consumes too much water and not enough electrolytes from food sources. The excess volume of water flushes important electrolytes from the body. These need to be restored as soon as possible as part of a healthy diet.

Nutrient Absorption

lady drinking glass of water and smiling

Hot water can reduce the absorption of nutrients from your food. Your body absorbs nutrients during the digestive process by breaking down food using little molecules called enzymes. However, hot water can disrupt these enzymes and limit their ability to extract nutrients.

Night Sweats

Do you suffer from night sweats? When you drink warm water it raises body temperature, boosts blood flow, and can trigger sweating. If you have a problem with night sweats – a hot drink before bedtime may not be a good idea. Maybe, stick to a cold glass of water for better results.

Accidental Scalding

When you drink a hot drink, such as warm water, there’s always a chance of scalding. If you drop your cup or have an accidental spill you could suffer a scalding. The best advice is to drink warm water, not hot water. Aim for a temperature that is pleasant to drink but won’t scald should an accident occur.

Sleep Apnea

There is evidence to suggest that drinking warm water before sleeping can aggravate sleep apnea. If you suffer from sleep apnea you should avoid drinking warm water before bedtime. Consult a medical professional for further advice.

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Tips for Drinking Warm Water

Want to try drinking some water before bedtime? Here are some tips for how to get started and how to establish a healthy warm water routine.

man drinking a glass of water

Start Small

If you’re new to drinking warm water before bed, start small and gradually work your way up. A small cup with just half a cup or 4 oz of warm water is a good start.

Grab a Thermal Cup

A thermal cup is great for keeping the water warm. If you want to sip the warm water rather than guzzle it all in one go, try using a thermal cup.

Try Some Flavor

If the taste of warm water is not appealing to you, try adding some flavor. A slice of lemon, a squeeze of honey, and even a little ginger all work wonders.

Timing is Key

Try and drink the warm water at least 30 minutes before going to bed. This allows your body time to absorb it and prevent bloating or discomfort.

Develop a Routine

Once you’ve mastered the steps above, try and make it a routine. Establish a habit of preparing and drinking warm water before climbing into bed.

Stick With It

If you want to truly experience the benefits of drinking warm water you need to stick with it. It can take weeks or even months before you really begin to feel the positive effects.

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Top Tips for Mastering the Art of Water Cooler Chat

Julie Woods Leave a comment

Looking for expert tips for mastering the art of water cooler chat and how to build relationships in the workplace? Below we cover everything you need to know, from how to break the ice and strike a good first impression, to topics that work well and those that should be avoided.

co workers chatting at water cooler

The water cooler is a common gathering point in the workplace. It’s somewhere we go to take a short break and grab a drink of water. But, it’s also a place you frequently bump into coworkers. And, it’s a place you need to engage and chat with your colleagues.

Chatting with coworkers comes naturally to some. But, for others, it’s a more difficult process. What should you talk about? What topics are appropriate? And, how do you get started? Below we take you through everything you need to know.

Water Cooler Chats – Better Communication in the Workplace

lady smiling and making a hand gesture

Want to get to something quickly?  Use the links below to jump to the content most important to you.

• Expert Tips for Water Cooler Chats
• Best Topics for Chats
• Topics to be Avoided

Expert Tips for Mastering the Art of Water Cooler Chats at Work

1: Breaking the Ice – Smile!

The most important thing is a smile. Make sure you greet your co-worker with a smile and a warm greeting. First impressions are key and this is a great way to start. Nothing beats a smile when you first meet someone. A smile is a universal way of expressing warmth and friendliness.

2: Ask a Question

Ask an open-ended, general interest question that allows your colleague to share their thoughts. Asking a question expresses an interest in the other individual and encourages them to engage in conversation. And, an open-ended question encourages dialogue and discourages a yes-no answer.

3: Listen

workers smiling and chatting at a water cooler

Make a genuine effort to listen and show an interest in what they have to say on the topic. Listening shows you value their opinion and have a genuine interest in what they have to say. It develops a sense of trust and helps you build a connection with your co-worker.

4: Share Your Opinion

Once your coworker has finished making their point, share your opinion on the same topic. This shows you are interested in the subject they are talking about and allows the conversation to develop further. When sharing your opinion, remain respectful, avoid a negative tone, and keep it light.

5: Positivity

Make an effort to keep the nature of the chat light and positive. Steer away from negative issues. Check out our topic guides below for a list of subjects you should aim for – and topics that should be avoided. Keeping the nature of the conversation positive helps develop trust.

6: Time

Time is another key factor when chatting in the workplace. While it is important to build morale and make connections with coworkers, you should also be mindful of the time you spend chatting. Keep it brief. Everyone has work to do and if you stand around chatting too long it will be viewed negatively.

7: Respect

This one is common sense. Always be respectful of the person you are talking with and the topics you are discussing. It’s important you maintain a comfortable, positive, and friendly demeanor throughout the brief conversation.

READ NEXT

• What Minerals Are in Water?

• Coffee & Alkaline Water

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• Warm Water Before Bed

Best Topics for Water Cooler Conversations: How to Engage with Colleagues at Work

Weather

weather reporter presenting the weather

The weather is always an easy way to strike up a conversation. It’s an ever-popular topic of chat throughout the world. We’re all exposed to the weather so it has relevance regardless of who you are talking to. It allows us to bond over a shared experience or complain about the intense heat or cold.

Sport

Sport is an excellent topic of conversation for bonding with co-workers. Not everyone shares an interest in sport. But for those that do, you’re on a winner. Sport is one of the easiest and safest topics for discussion. It’s also a great way of developing a shared interest, developing a bond, and rarely causes offense.

Current Affairs and News

News and current affairs are one of the easiest ways to strike up a conversation at the office water cooler. It is the news after all – so most people will have an understanding of the topic. Our advice is to make sure you have a general understanding of world affairs and be able to hold a conversation on the subject. Try and avoid getting into politics or sensitive areas. And, avoid expressing strong or controversial personal views.

General Entertainment

General interest includes topics such as movies, TV series, books, shows, and music. Depending on your audience – general entertainment is one of the best ways of developing a conversation. It’s a broad topic that can be adapted to suit most interests.

Jokes (Clean & Appropriate)

Sharing clean and appropriate jokes and funny stories are a great way to lighten the mood and get people laughing. People love laughing. It releases feel-good chemicals and boosts mood. Just remember, when telling jokes in the workplace, be careful of who you are chatting with and avoid taboo subjects and unsuitable material.

Hobbies and Interests

Discussing your hobbies and interests with coworkers can help develop a connection. Especially if it is a shared interest. Chatting about hobbies is a great way of establishing common ground with other people in your office. It helps you understand what makes others tick and build connections.

Topics to Avoid at the Water Cooler: Keeping it Respectful & Professional

office workers chatting

Workplace Conflicts

It is not a good idea to discuss workplace conflicts at the water cooler. Doing so can cause tension and lead to further conflict. You need to keep things light and positive. And, workplace problems definitely do not fall into this category. Conflict should be discussed in an appropriate and private setting.

Sensitive Workplace Information

Discussing sensitive workplace information at the water cooler is unprofessional and is a breach of trust. It could even lead to a termination of employment. Water cooler conversations should be respectful, and light, and create a positive atmosphere.

Pay & Remuneration

Pay and remuneration are confidential topics and should definitely not be discussed at the water cooler. Chatting about pay and salary can trigger feelings of distrust and resentment. It can also deteriorate trust between co-workers, and between co-workers and management. Pay should only be discussed with your manager.

Religion & Politics

Religion and politics can be divisive topics of conversation. Whether standing at the water cooler or visiting friends for a dinner party – religion and politics are often off the agenda. Many people have sensitive feelings when it comes to both religion and politics. And, discussing them can unintentionally cause insult.

Gossip

Nobody likes an office gossip. If you’ve heard some juicy gossip, it’s best to keep it to yourself. No matter how tempting it feels to share it at the office water cooler – you should resist the temptation. Steer clear of gossip and aim to build relationships and foster trust with your fellow co-workers.

Personal Issues

Avoid discussing personal issues with coworkers. Personal issues are not for general discussion and are not suitable as a light topic for conversation at the water cooler. People openly discussing personal issues with coworkers in the corridors may be seen as unprofessional.

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HOW MANY GALLONS OF WATER DOES A CAMEL DRINK?

Julie Woods 2 Comments

how much water does a camal drink

A camel drinks 30 gallons of water in 15 minutes. The amount of water a camel drinks depends on several factors, including how hot it is, how long its been since it last had a drink, and how hard it is working. But, a camel can drink 30 gallons of water in one go. Let’s take a closer look at how many gallons of water can a camel drink.

HOW MANY GALLONS OF WATER CAN A CAMEL DRINK?

camels walking over a sand dune

A thirsty camel can drink 30 gallons of water in just fifteen minutes. That works out to 113 liters of water for our European friends. The amount of water a camel drinks depends on the individual camel, its environment, and the amount of fat in its hump. More on humps later.

Modern camels were domesticated by humans over 3,000 years ago. They have been used for centuries to help transport goods and people across harsh desert environments. Camels can go long periods without food and water and are known as the ships of the desert.

There are two types of camels – dromedary and Bactrian. Dromedary camels are also known as Arabian camels and make up 90% of all camels in the world today. These camels have been domesticated and are found in the Middle East and northern Africa. They are recognizable by their single large hump on their back.

Bactrian camels are found in Asia and can be easily recognized by the two large humps they have on their back. Below we cover everything you need to know about how many gallons of water does a camel drink.

HOW LONG CAN A CAMEL GO WITHOUT DRINKING WATER?

desert oasis

A camel can go 7-10 days without drinking water. And, they can go months without eating any food. Camels are incredibly robust animals when it comes to surviving in the absence of water. The blood cells of camels are specially adapted to maximize their water consumption efficiency.

Camels have oval-shaped blood cells. This cell shape allows the blood to flow freely even when the body begins to become dehydrated. This special cell structure plays a large part in enabling a camel to go such long periods without food or water. They have even been known to suffer 40% body weight loss and continue to function in harsh conditions.

HOW MUCH WATER CAN A CAMEL DRINK IN 10 MINUTES?

water pouring into a pool of water

A camel can drink 20 gallons of water in 10 minutes. And, it can consume a whopping 30 gallons in just 15 minutes. That works out at an incredible 10 gallons every 5 minutes. Thirsty camels drink very large quantities and retain the fluid in their bodies to enable them to endure long periods without water.

The amount of water a camel will drink in 10 minutes will depend on how thirsty it is. And this is influenced by its current level of hydration, its environment, and how much work it has been doing. But, the thirstiest of camels can drink 20 gallons in just 10 minutes.

READ NEXT

• Coffee and Alkaline Water
• What Heavy Metals Are in Tap Water?
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HOW MUCH WATER CAN A CAMEL DRINK AT ONE TIME?

picture of a camels face

A camel can drink 30 gallons of water at one time. If a camel has not had a drink in a long time, up to one week, it can drink a staggering 30 gallons of water in one go. The oval shape of the camel’s blood cells allows them to consume more water than other animals of a similar size. The oval cells have an elastic nature and can change shape to allow them absorb larger volumes of water compared to regular blood cells.

HOW MUCH WATER DOES A CAMEL’S HUMP HOLD?

a drop of water falling into a pool of water

A camel’s hump doesn’t hold any water. It is a common misconception that a camel uses its hump to store water. In fact, there is no water in a camel’s hump – only fat. Camels store water in their bloodstream. Their oval-shaped blood cells expand and change shape to allow for the absorption of large volumes of water, up to 30 gallons at a time.

WHAT IS A CAMEL’S HUMP FOR?

camel in the desert 2

What is a camel’s hump for then? A camel uses its hump to store fat. This is a source of food and nourishment when times get tough and food is scarce. When a camel runs out of food it begins to consume the fat in its hump to keep it going.

When this happens the hump begins to shrink and tip over. When the camel gets a chance to eat again and replenish its fat levels the hump returns. The fat deposits sit on the camel’s back instead of around its belly to help protect it from the heat of the sun.

HOW OFTEN DOES A CAMEL PEE?

camel smiling at camera

This is a question we often get when discussing – How Many Gallons of Water Can a Camel Drink. Camels don’t pee as often as other mammals. But when they do, they pee a yellow-orange colored pee. It’s made up of wastewater and toxins that have been removed from the body by the kidneys. Camel pee is highly concentrated and contains very little water relative to its electrolyte and waste product content.

Camels that have restricted access to water will pee less. These camels pee just 0.2 gallons of pee per day. And, camels that have regular access to water will pee much more frequently – up to 1.3 gallons per day.

So, there’s a big difference in the amount of pee depending on how much water the camel has been drinking. The sex of the camel also plays a part in determining how often the animal pees per day. Male camels pee a little more frequently than female camels – usually 10-12 times per day.

Camels are incredibly efficient at retaining the water they take on board. Their blood cells change shape and expand to allow them to store large volumes of water in their bloodstream. But just like all other mammals, they need to pee at some stage to remove toxins from the body.

READ NEXT

• Warm Water Before Bedtime

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WHAT MINERALS ARE IN WATER?

Sam Kemper 1 Comment

glass of ionized alkaline water

Are there minerals in water? Yes, there are minerals in water. You will find minerals in both bottled water and in tap water. The most common minerals in water are calcium, magnesium, sodium, fluoride, potassium, and phosphorus. And, trace elements include copper, iron, selenium, chromium, and zinc.

ARE THERE MINERALS IN WATER?

Water contains a range of minerals. It picks up these minerals naturally as it passes through rivers and streams and makes contact with rocks and the earth’s crust.

The minerals most commonly found in water are calcium, magnesium, sodium, fluoride, potassium, and phosphorus. Let’s take a closer look at each one.

CALCIUM

Calcium is a mineral that plays an important role in maintaining your health. This mineral helps protect your bones and teeth by keeping them strong. It also helps the regular function of
blood clotting, hormone production, and cell growth.

MAGNESIUM

Magnesium is another mineral you need to help protect your health. It plays a key function in keeping bones strong and healthy. And, it is involved in energy metabolism and the structure and performance of muscles.

SODIUM

Sodium is a vital mineral. We need to ingest sodium for the role it plays in the regulation of blood pressure and hydration levels. However, too much sodium is bad news and can result in high blood pressure. We need to strike a careful balance and make sure we don’t take in too much.

FLUORIDE

Fluoride can be absorbed naturally by water as it passes through the earth’s crust. It is also common practice to add fluoride to tap water. This mineral plays a role in preventing tooth decay.

For this reason, fluoride is also added to toothpaste. Some people believe that high levels of fluoride in water may be associated with certain health risks.

POTASSIUM

Potassium plays a similar role to sodium. This mineral helps regulate your fluid balance and your blood pressure. It is also involved in the regulation of blood sugar levels and nerve impulses. All your bodily tissues require the presence of potassium.

PHOSPHORUS

Phosphorus is an important mineral in the human body. It forms a vital component of bones, teeth, and your genetic material. It is also involved in the production of energy at a cellular level. A lack of phosphorous can lead to fatigue and tiredness.

TRACE ELEMENTS IN TAP WATER

woman drinking alkaline water

In addition to the minerals outlined above several trace elements are also found in water. These trace elements are also minerals but are present in much smaller concentrations. And, sometimes they are not present at all.

The trace elements most commonly found in water are copper, iron, selenium, chromium, and zinc. Let’s take a look at each one and discuss how it impacts your body and your health.

COPPER

The presence of copper is often found in water as a trace element. Copper plays a role in protecting your cardiovascular health, immune system, and blood clotting.

Your body also uses copper as it forms new connective tissue and bone structures. And, it is involved in energy production and neurotransmitter synthesis.

IRON

Iron is a vital mineral used in the production of new blood cells. It is also used to transport oxygen throughout your body. A lack of iron in the human body leads to the condition anemia. The consumption of too much iron can lead to a feeling of nausea and constipation.

SELENIUM

Selenium is found in trace quantities in many household tap water supplies. This mineral plays an important antioxidant role in our bodies.

It helps protect our cells and shield them from oxidative damage. It is also involved in the operation of the reproductive system, DNA synthesis, and thyroid hormone metabolism.

CHROMIUM

Chromium is a mineral that helps your body break down protein, fats, and carbohydrates. It plays a role in converting carbohydrates into energy.

This trace mineral is not an essential component of your diet but it is believed it may help increase HDL (good cholesterol) levels and boost insulin sensitivity.

ZINC

Zinc is another trace element often found in tap water. This mineral plays a role in tissue growth and the synthesis of cellular proteins. It is an essential mineral and also plays a role in the immune system, wound healing, and DNA synthesis.

ARE THERE MINERALS IN TAP WATER?

water in a glass with ice

Yes, there are minerals in tap water. Almost all tap water will contain some form of mineral content. The mineral content will vary from one location to the next. When minerals are present at the right concentrations they contribute to your overall health and well-being.

HOW DO MINERALS GET INTO WATER?

lady in gym drinking alkaline water

Minerals are absorbed into tap water naturally. As water moves through rivers, lakes, and streams it absorbs minerals. This happens when it brushes up against rocks in the earth’s crust and surface.

Sometimes minerals are added to the water supply by a local authority. This can happen when it is believed the addition of a mineral will impart some kind of health benefit. For example, sometimes fluoride is added because it is believed to promote healthy teeth.

WHAT MINERALS ARE IN TAP WATER?

water pouring from a bottle

The minerals found in tap water will vary depending on where you live and how your water is treated before it reaches your tap. Water treatment and the area you live in will play a key role in the mineral composition of your tap water.

This means that two samples of tap water taken from two different locations can have very different mineral content. There is a large degree of variance as you move from one area to another.

The main source of minerals in your tap water comes from the natural environment the water moves through before it reaches your tap. When water brushes up against rocks and river beds it absorbs tiny amounts of minerals.

These minerals dissolve into the water and become invisible to the human eye. The minerals most commonly found in tap water are calcium, magnesium, sodium, fluoride, potassium, and phosphorus.

In addition, some minerals can be found in tiny quantities. These minerals are called trace elements. The trace elements most commonly found in tap water are copper, iron, selenium, chromium, and zinc.

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HOW TO TEST THE PH OF YOUR WATER

WHAT IS TDS IN WATER

HOW MANY GALLONS OF WATER CAN A CAMEL DRINK?

DOES FILTERED WATER HAVE MINERALS?

reverse osmosis filtered water in a glass

Do water filters remove minerals from water? Yes, some do. But it depends on the type of water filter you are using. Water filters known as Reverse Osmosis filters do remove minerals from water.

These filters use a high-performance semi-permeable membrane that removes tiny particles from water – including minerals. Some reverse osmosis filters include a remineralization step to reintroduce minerals to the water after it has been filtered.

On the other hand, activated carbon and ceramic water filters do not remove minerals. These filters remove contaminants but allow the dissolved minerals to pass through. They will not affect the mineral content of your water source.

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WARM WATER BEFORE BEDTIME – click here

PROS & CONS OF REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER – click here

 

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

HOW TO USE A PH TEST STRIP AT HOME

Julie Woods 3 Comments

test ph of water color codes

How to use pH test strip – just dip it in your test sample, wait 15 seconds, and allow the indicator to change color. Once the color has changed compare it against your color chart to find the pH value of your test sample. It’s that simple.

CONTENTS

WHAT IS A PH TEST STRIP?

A pH test strip is a cheap and effective tool you can use at home to measure the pH of your water supply. They are small strips of paper that use a color code to indicate the pH of a solution.

lady making a hand gesture and smiling

They are easy to use, cost-effective, and give quick clear results. PH stips are made from a special type of paper – sometimes called litmus paper.

One tip of the paper has color-coded patches that change color when emersed in a solution. The resultant colors can be checked against a color chart to determine the pH of your water supply.

HOW TO USE A PH TEST STRIP

Using a pH test strip is easy. All you need to do is remove a strip from the packet, immerse it in your test solution, and then wait for 15 seconds for the color change to take effect.

ph test kit

It’s a very straightforward process and you will know the pH of your water in seconds. See below for simple step-by-step instructions on how to use a pH test strip.

1: PREPARE WATER SAMPLE

The first step in ‘how to use ph test strip’ is to get your water sample ready. Grab a clean glass and add some of the water you want to test. You don’t need a large volume, just enough to dip the end of the test strip into.

2: GET YOUR PH TEST STRIP

Carefully remove a test strip from the packet. PH test strips usually come in small plastic tubs. There will be quite a few in there. Just be careful to only handle the end of the strip that does not have the color indicator.

3: SUBMERGE THE END OF THE STRIP IN THE WATER

Dip the color-coded tip of the strip into your water sample. Make sure you submerge all the color patches. The number of color patches varies depending on the strips being used but there are usually 2 to 4.

4: REMOVE THE STRIP

Remove the water pH test strip from your sample and lay it down on a flat surface. We like to use a piece of clean dry kitchen paper. This way it will soak up any excess water.

5: WAIT 15 SECONDS

Now you need to wait 15 seconds to allow the reaction to occur. You will see the color indicator changing color. The change can happen very rapidly but you should wait 15 seconds to be sure the indicator has finished adjusting color.

6: READ THE RESULT

The last step involves reading the result. All you have to do is compare the colors on the end of your test strip against the color chart provided. The chart should be on the outside of the packaging or may be included in a pamphlet inside the container.

7: MATCHING THE COLORS

Most pH indicators come with at least two color patches. You will need to find the corresponding result on the color chart that matches your strip. This often involves looking at a two or three color code combination.

8: WHAT DOES THE RESULT MEAN?

Now you have your result, what does it mean? The pH scale runs from 0 to 14. A score of 7 is neutral. If your water scored 7, this means it is neither acidic nor alkaline. It is neutral and sits right in the middle.

Anything below 7 is acidic and anything above 7 means you have alkaline water. You can use these test strips to test your regular water supply or to test water from an alkaline water machine to see if it is working as designed.

HOW TO READ PH TEST STRIPS

How do you read a water pH test strip? A pH test strip uses litmus paper that changes color to tell you if you have acidic or alkaline water. Once you dip the strip in your water sample it will begin to change color.

using ph test strip colors

Just allow 15 seconds for the color change to take effect and then compare it against the color chart provided. All you need to do is hold it against the color chart and match it to the colors that most closely resemble your result.

Most pH test strips have more than one color patch. The majority of strips we use have anything from 2 to 4. But 2 color patches are the most common.

The easiest way to read the pH test strip is to hold it up against the color chart and move it along until the two-color patches match a color combination on the chart. Then read the corresponding pH value from the chart.

HOW TO TEST YOUR DRINKING WATER WITH A PH TEST STRIP

Testing your drinking water with a pH strip involves the same method as testing any other sample of water. Just prepare a clean dry glass and add a sample of your drinking water.

glass of ionized alkaline water

Then follow the steps outlined above to perform the pH test. Dip the litmus test paper in your sample, wait 15 seconds, and then read your result. If you score above 7, then you have alkaline water.

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• BEST ALKALINE WATER MACHINE

 

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PH TEST STRIP COLOR CHART

A pH test strip color chart is used to determine the result of your pH test. The color chart is usually printed on the outside of the container. Or, it may be included inside the packet in a small pamphlet.

deionized water

The colors range from yellow and pale orange for acidic results to dark orange, green, and even dark blue for acidic results.

Every pH test strip kit is different so you will need to refer to the color chart for your specific kit. But don’t worry they are easy to read and you will have a clear result in seconds.

HOW DO PH TEST STRIPS WORK?

PH test strips work by changing color. They use a technology called litmus paper. When litmus paper is dipped into a solution it changes color to show how acidic or alkaline the solution is.

They are regularly used in homes to test the acidity/alkalinity of water, urine, and saliva. Litmus paper uses a water-soluble mixture of dyes that change color when exposed to an acid or alkaline substance.

The resultant color can then be read against a chart to determine the pH level of the substance. They are a cheap and relatively accurate way of testing the pH of a solution.

frequently asked questions

WHERE TO BUY PH TEST STRIPS?

You can buy drinking water ph test strips online or in most pharmacies. You can pick up a pack for between $5 to $10. All the big pharmacies carry them, most of the small ones, and you can even find them at your local supermarket.

WHAT COLOR ARE PH TEST STRIPS?

The color of a pH test strip will change once it is dipped in a test solution. The colors you can expect to see are pale yellow, dark yellow, pale orange, dark orange, pale green, dark green, pale blue, and dark blue.

HOW MUCH ARE PH TEST STRIPS?

PH test strips are relatively inexpensive. A pack of 50 strips will set you back between $5 – $10 US dollars.  The best advice is to shop around when using pH test strips at home.

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WHAT IS TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS IN WATER?

Ethan Fischer 3 Comments

glass of ionized alkaline water

What is total dissolved solids in water? Total Dissolved Solids is a measure of all the dissolved organic and inorganic matter in a water sample. It is often called TDS and is measured in milligrams per liter (mg/L). TDS measures anything that is dissolved in water that is not a water molecule.

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS MEANING

What does Total Dissolved Solids mean? TDS is a measure of all the dissolved contaminants in water that are not water molecules.  TDS includes all organic and inorganic dissolved contaminants including metals, salts, minerals, and ions. It is a parameter regularly used to measure the purity of drinking water.

lasy drinking a glass of water

Water collects and dissolves particles as it passes through streams, wells, and rivers. This is a perfectly natural process. Examples include the absorption of minerals such as calcium and magnesium as it passes through rocks.

Dissolved solids also make their way into the water supply through unnatural methods – such as pollution. Runoff from fertilizers used in agriculture and chemical waste from industry results in contaminants making their way into the water supply.

WHAT TDS SHOULD BE IN DRINKING WATER?

According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the recommended secondary standard for Total Dissolved Solids in drinking water is 500 mg/L. The National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations (NSDWRs) can be viewed – over here.

tds in drinking water

A TDS reading of greater than 1,000 mg/L is considered unsafe. And values above 2,000 mg/L indicate that the water filtration system being employed has failed.

The following TDS readings can be used as a general guideline:

Below 300 mg/L – LOW TDS READING

Low TDS reading. Water may lack mineral content. Very low TDS levels can lead to bad-tasting water due to the low mineral content.

300-500 mg/L – IDEAL TDS READING

This is the optimal TDS level. Drinking water within this range has a good balance of mineral content and low TDS levels. Water in this range tastes good.

501-1,000 mg/L – HIGH

Anything above the 500 reading is on the high side. But the closer to 501, the better. As you approach 1,000 you are reaching water with high levels of TDS. The water should be filtered to remove contaminants and return the value to 500.

1,001-2,000 mg/L – BAD WATER

Any water with a TDS value between 1,001 and 2,000 should be considered contaminated and unsafe to drink. You should not consume water at this level.

2,000 mg/L or above – VERY HIGH, DO NOT DRINK

Any water with a TDS reading above 2,000 should be considered unsafe to drink. It is an indication that the water is polluted and the water filtration system has failed.

HOW IS TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS MEASURED?

How can you measure the TDS of your home water supply? There are two methods. Firstly, you can take a water sample and send it off to a water testing laboratory for professional analysis. This is the most accurate way to measure TDS but can be expensive.

woman testing water in a lab

The second method is to test a water sample yourself at home. To do this you will need to purchase a TDS meter and perform an analysis as per the instructions provided.

TDS meters are easy to use. All you need to do is – collect a sample of water in a clean glass. Then, immerse the TDS meter sensor in the water sample and wait for the reading to appear on the screen.

Finally, compare the reading on the meter with the TDS guide values described above. Anything close to 500 mg/L means your water has an optimal level of TDS.

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HOW TO USE PH TEST STRIPS – click here

MINERALS IN TAP WATER – click here

WHAT IS ALKALINE WATER? – click here

HOW MUCH WATER CAN A CAMEL DRINK? – click here

WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS IN WATER?

What makes up TDS? The most common substances that make up total dissolved solids are calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, fluoride, chloride, aluminum, iron, zinc, copper, bicarbonates, sulfates, and nitrates.

water testing in lab

Most TDS in drinking water is made up of common salts, such as sodium and calcium-based ions. The remaining molecules fall into the categories of minerals, metals, and organic matter.

It is perfectly normal for water to contain TDS. These molecules make their way into water naturally as it passes through the earth and brushes up against rocks.

SALTS

Water absorbs salt molecules naturally as it passes through the earth, rivers, and streams. They can also make their way into the water supply as a result of human pollution. Run-off from agriculture and industrial activities results in high salt levels in the water table.

MINERALS

Water absorbs minerals naturally as it passes over mineral-rich rocks. Water absorbs tiny mineral molecules as it makes contact with these natural structures. Minerals improve the taste of water and are good for our health at the right levels.

METALS

Metals make their way into water as the direct result of human activities and pollution. Agriculture, industrial activities, mining, and automobiles are all major sources of metal pollution of water. Also, old pipes made from lead can contribute to high levels of metal TDS.

ORGANIC MATTER

Organic matter such as microbes and algae make their way into water as it passes through the environment. These organic contaminants should be removed at water treatment facilities before the water is piped through for consumption.

HOW CAN I REMOVE TDS FROM MY WATER?

How is TDS removed from water? You can remove total dissolved solids from your water supply using water filtration. The best methods are reverse osmosis, distillation, and deionization.

REVERSE OSMOSIS

Reverse osmosis is a highly effective method for reducing the TDS levels in water. It removes between 92-98% of all total dissolved solids in water.

An RO (reverse osmosis) filtration system passes water through multiple filters. The final filter in the process is a high-efficiency RO membrane. This filter has tiny pores that allow water molecules to pass through but block almost all other contaminants.

You can install a reverse osmosis water filtration system beneath your kitchen sink.  Take a look at the best Undersink Reverse Osmosis Water Filters 2023.

DISTILLATION

Distillation involves the heating of water so that it turns to steam. The steam is then collected and cooled so that it turns back to water again.

Water has a lower boiling point than the boiling point of the dissolved solids. This means the total dissolved solids are left behind as the water is converted to steam.

The steam is cooled using a condenser and turned back to water. The majority of impurities are left behind in the heating chamber.

Impurities that manage to escape with the steam are collected in a small carbon filter that the steam passes through as it leaves the boiling chamber. It is an effective method of water filtration but is slow and expensive.

DEIONIZATION

Deionization is an effective way of removing total dissolved solids from water. This method filters water by passing it through resin-based filters.

The form of filtration used is called an ion-exchange water filter. The water is passed through both a positively and negatively charged resin bed filter. However, it is only effective for the removal of ionic substances.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

water in a glass with ice

WHERE DO TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS COME FROM?

As water passes through the environment it absorbs particles naturally that it comes into contact with. This includes organic and inorganic dissolved solids such as metals, salts, minerals, and ions. It is a naturally occurring process that occurs as water passes through the earth’s crust, rivers, and streams.

WHY IS TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS IMPORTANT?

Total dissolved solids gives a quick reading of the total organic and inorganic matter present in a water sample. It indicates the level of contamination of water. Further analysis can then be performed to determine what dissolved solids are present.

WHAT IS AN ACCEPTABLE TDS IN POOL WATER?

TDS in pool water is around the 250 ppm mark. In general, levels above 1500 ppm are unacceptable.

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WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ALKALINE WATER AND FILTERED WATER?

Sam Kemper 3 Comments

lasy drinking a glass of water

What’s the difference between alkaline water and filtered water? Alkaline water has an elevated pH value of between 7-14. Filtered water is water that has been passed through a water filtration device to remove contaminants. They are two different types of water.

WHICH IS BETTER ALKALINE WATER OR FILTERED WATER?

Which type of water is better – alkaline water or filtered water? Alkaline water and filtered water are two completely different types of water.

water ionization

Alkaline water has an elevated pH. This means it is the opposite of acidic water. Alkaline water is better if you want to increase the pH of your water and neutralize excess acidity levels.

Filtered water has been treated to remove contaminants and toxins. It is a way of cleaning water. It purifies water by passing it through a water filter and removing particles and chemicals.

If your drinking water is contaminated and needs to be purified – filtered water is better. By filtering contaminated water you can make it safe to drink.

WHAT IS ALKALINE WATER?

Alkaline water is any water that has a pH above 7. The pH scale is used to measure how acidic or alkaline a substance is. It runs from 0-14. 

glass of reverse osmosis filtered water in the forest

Anything below 7 is acidic, anything above 7 is alkaline, and 7 is neutral. The higher the value the more alkaline a substance is. Similarly, the lower the value, the more acidic a substance is.

Alkaline water has recently seen a surge in popularity. People claim that drinking alkaline water neutralizes excess acidity in the body and boosts health. However, there is no scientific evidence to support these claims.  For more information on alkaline water – see here.

HOW TO MAKE ALKALINE WATER

How is alkaline water made? The best way to make alkaline water is to use an alkaline water ionizer machine. These home appliances use your regular tap water supply and convert it to alkaline water.

woman drinking alkaline water

Other methods for making alkaline water at home include using pH drops, baking soda, lemon juice, vinegar, salt, coconut, and cucumber. For more information on how to make alkaline water at home – click here. 

ADVANTAGES OF ALKALINE WATER

What are the advantages of alkaline water? Proponents of alkaline water say that drinking it comes with a whole range of health benefits. But, none of these claims are backed up by scientific evidence.

The potential benefits of alkaline water are better skin health, system detoxification, easing acid reflux, and reducing blood pressure. Although, medical professionals point out that there is no evidence to back up these claims.

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WHAT IS FILTERED WATER?

Filtered water is water that has been treated by passing it through a water filtration device to remove contaminants. 

reverse osmosis filtered water in a glass

Bottled mineral water and most tap water supplies are filtered to remove harmful contaminants to make the water safe to drink and taste better. 

To find out if you’re home water supply has been filtered and is safe to drink you should contact your local water provider.

TYPES OF FILTERED WATER

When discussing – what’s the difference between alkaline water and filtered water – we need to take a look at the different types of filtered water.  There are many types of water filtration technologies but the aim of every one of them is the same – to remove contaminants from the water.

lady drinking ionized water

Water filtration is used to make water taste better, look better, and safe to drink. Without water filtration, we would all be drinking dirty water.  The four main types of water filters used in the domestic setting are activated carbon filter, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and distillation.

Activated Carbon Filter

This is the most common type of water filter. It is regularly used in domestic water filtration devices. It uses an ‘activated-carbon’ medium to bind contaminants as the water passes through the filter. 

The contaminants are trapped inside the carbon medium while the water is free to pass through. Carbon filters are effective in removing the taste of chlorine, other chemicals, and a wide range of contaminants in your drinking water.

Ion Exchange

An ion-exchange water filter removes contaminants from water in the form of undesirable dissolved ions by replacing them with harmless ions of the same electrical charge from using an ion-exchange resin.

An ion exchange filter is inexpensive and effective for the removal of dissolved inorganics contaminants such as arsenic, fluoride, nitrates, uranium, and sulfates. They are also regenerable for continuous usage.

Reverse Osmosis

Reverse osmosis is an incredibly effective way of filtering water. The process removes up to 99% of all water contaminants to produce high-quality clean water.

Reverse osmosis filtration passes water through a semi-permeable membrane with a pore size so small – it allows water molecules to pass but blocks microscopic contaminants.

The pore size of a reverse osmosis filter membrane can be as small as 0.0001 microns. These membranes greatly reduce the presence of harmful metals, lead, mercury, and microbes.

Distillation

A distillation filtration system boils source water into steam before condensing it back into water. As water is transformed to steam it leaves behind its contaminants.

It then travels through the distillation apparatus in its gaseous form before being cooled to condense back into water. The filtered cooled water is then collected in a reservoir.

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CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER

What are the most common contaminants found in drinking water? According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency there are five types of contaminants in our drinking water: physical, chemical, biological, and radiological.

woman testing water in a lab

Physical – sediment suspended in the water of lakes, rivers, and streams. Often caused by soil erosion.

Chemical – nitrogen, bleach, pesticides, metals, and toxins produced by bacteria, human or animal drugs.

Biological – organisms such as microbes and viruses. Often referred to as microbiological contaminants they include bacteria, viruses, parasites, and protozoa.

Radiological – radiological contaminants are hazardous unstable atoms that emit hazardous ionizing radiation. Cesium, uranium, and plutonium are examples of radiological contaminants. You definitely don’t want these in your drinking water.

frequently asked questions

IS ALKALINE WATER BETTER THAN FILTERED WATER?

Alkaline water and filtered water are two completely different types of water. Alkaline water is better if you want high pH water with higher than normal alkalinity.

Filtered water is better if you want clean, purified water.  It has been passed through a water filtration system to remove contaminants. Water filtration purifies water to remove harmful substances and make it safe for drinking.

IS ALKALINE WATER JUST FILTERED WATER?

No, alkaline water is not just filtered water. Alkaline water is a special type of water that has an increased level of alkalinity. It is the opposite of acidic water.

Alkaline water has a pH above 7. Some people drink it for its potential health benefits – but there is no evidence to back up these health claims.

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HEAVY METALS IN DRINKING WATER – click here

WATER SOFTENER vs WATER FILTER – click here

ARE THERE MINERALS IN WATER? – click here

PROS & CONS OF REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER – click here

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

HEAVY METALS IN TAP WATER

Sam Kemper 2 Comments

water in a glass with ice

The main heavy metals found in drinking water are lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, manganese, and copper. These metals are toxic and cause damage to your health. Drinking water is monitored for the presence and concentration of heavy metals.

TOP SIX HEAVY METALS IN WATER

water testing in lab

The six most common heavy metals found in drinking water are lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, manganese, and copper. They are all toxic to the human body. Let’s take a look at each of these heavy metals in more detail.

JUMP TO CONTENT

LEAD  |  ARSENIC  |  MERCURY  

CADMIUM  |  MANGANESE  |  COPPER   

1: LEAD

What Is Lead?

Lead is a naturally occurring metal found in small amounts in the earth’s outer crust. It is considered harmful at any dose. Even small amounts of lead in drinking water are dangerous.

Pollution caused by manufacturing activities and the burning of fossil fuels distributes lead through the environment. It is also regularly found in batteries, lead-based paint, and metal pipes.

How Does It Get Into The Water Supply?

Lead enters the water supply through the delivery system. Lead water pipes are the main source of lead in drinking water.

It can pass into water as it passes through lead pipes that make up the water system or as it passes through plumbing inside a home. Even copper pipes leach lead as they get old and corrode.

What Are the Health Effects?

Lead is considered toxic at any level – even in small quantities. It can accumulate in your body over time. It causes damage to damage to your brain, liver, kidney, heart, brain, and bones.

Consuming lead over a period of time can cause nervous system dysfunction, kidney disease, immune system damage, and rheumatoid arthritis. In children, it can lead to developmental damage, seizures, and lower IQ.

How Do I Remove It?

Removing lead from your water supply is usually not feasible due to the source being the water system itself. Therefore you need to treat the water as it arrives in your home.

Your best options are to use a reverse osmosis, distillation, or carbon filter device that has been designed for lead removal. A simple workaround is to flush the tap for 1-2 minutes before collecting drinking water.

2: ARSENIC

What Is Arsenic?

Arsenic is one of the most toxic heavy metals found in drinking water. It is a naturally occurring metal found in the earth’s crust – often the result of volcanic activity.

Arsenic is also produced through human activities such as coal burning, pesticide production, and mining.

How Does It Get Into The Water Supply?

Arsenic can enter the water supply through the natural erosion of rock that contains arsenic. However, it is more commonly the result of human activity.

Manufacturing and agriculture are two key sources of arsenic. The disposal of wastewater from industry, agricultural fertilizers, and the use of pesticides add arsenic to the groundwater supply.

What Are the Health Effects?

Arsenic is highly toxic. Exposure has been linked to cancer, cause neurological problems, cardiovascular disease, immune system disorders, and diabetes. In children, it can result in a lowered IQ.

It is believed to contribute to many types of cancer, including prostate, kidneys, bladder, lungs, skin, and liver cancer

How Do I Remove It?

The best way to remove arsenic is to use a water treatment system that has been designed for arsenic removal. The options include reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration, distillation, and ion exchange devices.

3: MERCURY

water with bubbles

What Is Mercury?

Mercury is a neurotoxin and is highly toxic. It is a liquid metal and is found naturally in rock formations in the earth. It is often found in coal.

Mercury poisoning can result from exposure to water-soluble forms of mercury in your tap water.

How Does It Get Into The Water Supply?

Mercury occurs naturally in rock formations in the environment. It can seep into groundwater when the two come into contact.

Mercury can also enter the water supply as a result of human pollution. It is found in many household products such as dry-cell batteries, switches, and fluorescent light bulbs.

The incorrect disposal of these items accounts for 50% of all mercury water contamination according to the EPA, (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).

What Are the Health Effects?

Mercury poisoning is known to cause kidney damage, affect the nervous system, kidneys, liver, and trigger emotional instability and insomnia.

Its effects on children can be even more severe and can damage the brain and nervous system. Children exposed to mercury in the womb can suffer harm to cognitive thinking, memory, attention, motor, and visual skills.

How Do I Remove It?

To remove mercury from your tap water you will have to use a filtration device that has been designed and certified for mercury removal.

Options include reverse osmosis and mercury filtration filter cartridges. Most of these devices use thin-film composite membranes or special filters containing KDF media that reduce mercury levels.

4: CADMIUM

What Is Cadmium?

Cadmium is a soft silver-white metal. It is toxic to the human body. Cadmium is commonly used in metal plating, machinery, and batteries.

Cadmium pollution has have increased dramatically in recent decades. The toxic metal is most commonly found in rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries.

How Does It Get Into The Water Supply?

The most common source of cadmium in the water supply is caused by the improper disposal of rechargeable batteries.

These batteries require specialist disposal but are usually just dumped in the same way as regular household waste.

Cadmium also enters the water supply through impurities in the zinc of water pipes and fittings. It leaches into water as it passes through the pipes. It is also found in some agricultural fertilizers.

What Are the Health Effects?

Cadmium causes cancer in humans. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies cadmium in Group 1. This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans

It is also known to cause kidney, liver, and musculoskeletal, bone and blood damage. Acute exposure results in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle cramps.

How Do I Remove It?

Cadmium can be removed from water using specially designed filtration devices. Your options include ion exchange, reverse osmosis, coagulation/filtration, and lime softening cadmium removal processes.

5: MANGANESE

water pouring into a pool of water

What Is Manganese?

Manganese is a silver-grey metal that occurs naturally in rocks and soil. In small quantities, it is good for human health and is an important part of our diet.

However, high levels of manganese are toxic and can damage human health. It is used in the manufacture of iron and steel and is found in paints, fireworks, and cosmetics.

How Does It Get Into The Water Supply?

Manganese naturally makes its way into the water supply as water passes through soil and rocks that contain manganese.

For this reason, manganese occurs naturally in surface water such as lakes and rivers, and underground water. This water is then used as a source for our water supply.

It also results from the waste run-off from the manufacture of iron, batteries, glass, fireworks, and agricultural fertilizers.

What Are the Health Effects?

Exposure to high levels of manganese can cause a condition called manganism. The illness is similar to Parkinson’s disease and has been observed in metalworkers that have been exposed to high levels of manganese.

In children, manganese can cause behavioral problems, speech and memory difficulties, lowered IQ, and a lack of coordination.

How Do I Remove It?

There are a number of options available for the removal of manganese from your water source including manganese cation exchange, water softening, filtration, distillation, and reverse osmosis.

You should choose a system that has been specifically designed and certified for manganese removal.

6: COPPER

What Is Copper?

Copper is a metal that occurs naturally in soil, rock formations, plants, and water. It is the most common heavy metal found in water.

Copper is an essential part of your diet and trace amounts are essential for survival. However, if you consume too much it can lead to health problems.

It is used to make electrical wiring, plumbing components, and pesticides.

How Does It Get Into The Water Supply?

Copper becomes a problem when it gets into the water supply in high concentrations. The two main sources of copper in drinking water are copper pipes and human pollution.

The biggest source of copper occurs when water passes through corroded copper pipes. This is particularly a concern for acidic water.

Other sources come from human pollution, namely mining, farming, manufacturing operations that release copper polluted water into the environment.

What Are the Health Effects?

High levels of copper exposure can cause harmful effects such as irritation to the mouth, nose, and eyes, diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting, and nausea. Infants under one and people with Wilson’s disease are particularly sensitive to copper.

How Do I Remove It?

Copper can be removed from water using reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration, distillation, and ion exchange methods. Just make sure you use a filtration system that has been designed and certified for copper removal.

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WHAT ARE SAFE LEVELS OF HEAVY METALS IN DRINKING WATER?

woman testing water in a lab

So, what are the acceptable levels of heavy metals in drinking water, and who sets the standards?

In the US the EPA defines the criteria for acceptable levels of heavy metals and other pollutants in drinking water. The EPA is an independent agency of the United States federal government tasked with environmental protection matters.

At a global level the WHO, (World Health Organization), sets the standards for drinking water and sets guidelines for the acceptable level of contaminants in drinking water.

See the table below for the EPA and WHO heavy metal safety limits in drinking water.

heavy metal safety limits in drinking water - EPA & WHO

HO TO TEST FOR HEAVY METALS IN WATER

If you want to test your water supply for the presence of heavy metals you should contact a professional water testing lab. A quick google search will provide you with a list of suitable labs in your area.

These labs use a testing technique called spectrometry to test for the presence of heavy metals in water. Spectrometry is the measurement of interactions between light and matter.

Several different types of spectrometry are used when it comes to testing for heavy metals, these include:

  • Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
  • Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry
  • Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

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frequently asked questions

FAQ – Heavy Metals in Water

What Is a Heavy Metal?

Heavy metals are metals that have high densities and are toxic at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals include lead (Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu).

Heavy metals occur naturally in the earth’s crust and get into our bodies via the water we drink, the food we eat, and the air we breathe.

Are There Heavy Metals in Tap Water?

Yes, heavy metals are regularly found in tap water. The types of heavy metals and their concentration varies depending on the water source.

Heavy metals are toxic and represent a danger to your health. Some of them get into the water supply naturally as it passes through the earth’s crust. Others are the result of human activity and pollution.

Tap water must be continually tested to monitor their presence for safety purposes. Consuming heavy metals when you drink tap water has a negative effect on your health.

Do Doctors Test for Heavy Metals?

Yes, you can get a blood test done with your doctor. The test is known as a heavy metals panel or a heavy metal toxicity test.

It is a group of tests that measure the levels of heavy metals in your blood. The metals most commonly tested for are lead, arsenic, mercury, and cadmium.

How Does A Heavy Metal Blood Test Work?

Testing for heavy metals can be performed using a blood, urine, hair, or fingernail sample.  All you need to do is go to your doctor and request a heavy metals panel or a heavy metal toxicity test.

The actual test will be performed in a laboratory and the results will be sent to your doctor.

How Do Heavy Metals Affect the Brain?

Heavy metals harm brain health. Two heavy metals, in particular, are known to affect the brain – lead and mercury.

Lead damages brain cells, triggers nervous system dysfunction, and causes developmental problems in children.

Mercury damages the nervous system, triggers emotional instability, and causes insomnia. Its effects on children are even more severe.

What are the Symptoms of Heavy Metal Toxicity?

The symptoms of heavy metal toxicity in water are:

  • Abdominal Pain
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Dehydration
  • Heart Irregularities
  • Nervous System Abnormalities (e.g. tingling sensation or numbness)

Can Heavy Metals Be Removed From the Body?

Yes, heavy metals that pass naturally through the body are excreted in your urine. Other heavy metals can be removed using a treatment called chelation.

Chelation therapy involves the injection of a chelating agent into the body. This agent binds to heavy metals in the bloodstream and removes them from the body in your urine.

How Do You Cleanse Your Body of Mercury?

If you have suffered serious mercury poisoning your doctor will recommend chelation therapy. This treatment involves the injection of a chelating agent into the body that binds to mercury in your blood and removes it from the body in your urine.

List of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water

The heavy metals most commonly found in water are:

  • Lead
  • Arsenic
  • Mercury
  • Cadmium
  • Manganese
  • Copper

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

COFFEE & ALKALINE WATER

Julie Woods 4 Comments

cup of coffee made using alkaline water

Is alkaline water good in coffee? Yes, alkaline water is great for coffee – it makes it taste better! Alkaline water extracts more flavor from coffee beans and makes a much better-tasting cup of coffee. For the best tasting coffee use alkaline water with a pH of up to 8.5. The science is there to prove it.

IS ALKALINE WATER GOOD FOR COFFEE?

Yes, alkaline water is great for making coffee. If you like coffee, you’ll love alkaline water. Like Bonnie and Clyde, when you put the two together they form a potent couple.

water pouring into a pool of water

Alkaline water intensifies the aroma and flavor of coffee. Its alkaline properties perfectly complement the natural acidity of coffee.

Coffee is an acidic compound and the addition of alkaline water balances the acidity to enhance the taste and bring the subtle flavors to the fore.

IMPROVES TASTE

Alkaline water increases the flavor of coffee. Alkaline water extracts more flavor from the coffee beans compared to regular water and creates a more fragrant beverage.

And the science is there to prove it. A study by the University of New South Wales found that using alkaline water improved the flavor extracted from coffee beans.

They concluded that water with a pH of 7.0-8.5 resulted in the most flavor extraction and the best tasting cup of coffee.  You can make alkaline water at home using an alkaline water machine.

HOW DOES ALKALINE WATER AFFECT YOUR COFFEE?

Alkaline water improves the taste, enhances the aroma, and neutralizes the natural acidity of coffee. It is a great choice of water for making coffee – and if you haven’t tried it yet, you should give it a go.

coffee cup on a table

For the best results, choose an alkaline water with a pH of between 7 and 8.5. The pH scale runs from 0 to 14, and anything above 7 is alkaline.

Using alkaline water to brew your coffee takes the edge off its strong acidity levels and allows you better appreciate the complex flavors and aromas of the coffee bean.  Think of it like adding a little water to whiskey.

To truly appreciate the aroma of a high-end aged whiskey you need to add a little water to ‘loosen’ the flavors.  Alkaline water acts as the perfect counterbalance to the sharp acidity of a regular coffee.

It’s a real treat for the taste buds.  Check out our full guide to the Benefits of Alkaline Water – over here.

WHAT ACIDS ARE IN COFFEE?

Coffee is a naturally acidic drink. It has a pH of 4.7-5.0 depending on the beans and brewing technique used. Anything below 7 on the pH scale is an acidic compound.

glass of alkaline water in the forest

Coffee contains a wide range of acids, but the main players are chlorogenic, citric, malic, quinic, phosphoric, linoleic, and acetic acid. Alkaline water helps ‘balance out’ this acidity.

CHLOROGENIC ACID

This is the most prominent acid in coffee. It’s also what gives coffee some of its best flavors. It is found in higher concentrations in light roast coffee. It is a type of phenolic acid and may play a role in glucose regulation.

CITRIC ACID

This is another acid that is present in high quantities in coffee. It adds a pleasant fruity flavor to the coffee – an aroma that is favored by many. It is highly soluble and readily passes from the bean to water during the brewing process.

MALIC ACID

Malic acid imparts a fruity flavor to the coffee similar to apples and plums. It is depleted during the roasting process – so the darker the roast the lower the malic acid content.

QUINIC ACID

Quinic acid is formed when chlorogenic acid is broken down during the roasting process. It is most noticeable in brewed coffee that has been left sitting on the heater too long and imparts a sour unpleasant taste.

PHOSPHORIC ACID

Phosphoric acid makes up less than 1% of a cup of coffee. However, it is one of the most potent acids found in coffee. And, it has no taste. It adds nothing to the flavor. It is believed phosphoric acid originates from the hydrolysis of phytic acid in the soil.

LINOLEIC ACID

Linoleic acid is a fatty acid. It is found in coffee in very low concentrations. The levels of linoleic acid in coffee are affected by the soil type and altitude at which the bean is grown. Linoleic acid is part of the omega-6 fatty acid family and is used to boost heart and blood health.

ACETIC ACID

Acetic acid is best known for the sharp bitter taste it gives to vinegar. It is found in coffee in low doses and gives it a sharp refreshing flavor. If the level of acetic acid is too high in a coffee it suffers an unpleasant vinegary taste.

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frequently asked questions

COFFEE & ALKALINE WATER FAQ

Does Alkaline Water Make Coffee Taste Better?

Yes, alkaline water makes coffee taste better. Alkaline water extracts more flavor from the coffee bean compared to regular water. This results in a better-tasting cup of coffee.

Does Using Alkaline Water Make Coffee Less Acidic?

Yes, using alkaline water instead of regular water makes your cup of coffee less acidic. Coffee is naturally acidic with a pH of 4.7-5.0. When you add alkaline water to your coffee it increases its pH and brings it closer to the neutral value of 7.

Can You Make Coffee With Alkaline Water?

Yes, you can make coffee with alkaline water. Making coffee with alkaline water is a great idea. It will boost the flavor of your brew and help neutralize its natural acidity.  We recommend it.

What Does Coffee With Alkaline Water Taste Like?

It tastes great. Studies have shown that coffee made using alkaline water has more flavor. Alkaline water increases the amount of flavor and aroma that is extracted from the coffee bean.

What’s The Best Water pH For Coffee?

The best water pH for coffee is 7.0-8.5. According to a study performed by the University of New South Wales in Australia, using water with a pH of 7.0-8.5 extracts the best flavor from coffee beans.

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